Iso2338b. Dowel Pins. Iso2338b

 
 Dowel PinsIso2338b  In DIN 6325 standard the dowel pins are slightly larger than the nominal value

Tech Support. Select the department you want to search in. Supplies and solutions for every industry, plus easy ordering, fast delivery and 24/7 customer support. Prk Technologies Gmbh Established As A Leading Manufacturers Of Iso 2338A Dowel Pins,Unhardened Dowel Pins,Precision Dowel Pins Manufacturers,Iso 2338A Dowel Pins Suppliers,Dowel Pins Wholesalers,Industrial Dowel Pins. 10R20MDCO/M6-CL,SBS Clean Room,4022. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21420. M6 Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Specification. We offer competitive prices across all of our ranges and are able to offer products from top brands including Holokrome, Unbrako, Dormer and Loctite. Product Categories. 1. 3R6MUD3/M6,JEVEKA bv,<=> Metric ISO 2338 - Dowel Pin Stainless Steel TBD 0 6 M3 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD,M3 X 6 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B A4 S/S m6,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. 00am - 5. M59104J Distributor More. Pins. 3R9MUD3/M6-CL,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. 1134. Dowel pins are typically hardened and. . They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. This International Standard specifies the characteristics of parallel pins of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel, with nominal diameters d from 0,6 mm to 50 mm inclusive. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Dowel Pins ISO 2338B h8 A1 Stainless Steel Solid Dowels 1mm & 1. Product Categories. Austenitic steel is by far the most common type (>90% of commercial fasteners). . Non-Preferred. +/-0. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Fasteners, Fixings & Tools Limited is a family owned and run distributor of fasteners, fixings, tools and associated products to businesses and the general public. Precision Plain & Tapped Dowel Pins Assortment Kit Boxes Available (Don’t For Get our Extractor Tool) – BS1804 Plain BS1804 Extractable ISO8734A ISO8734BWe stock a vast range of Precision Dowel Pins hardened and precision ground, available as solid or extractable to BS1804 , DIN6325 , ISO2338A , ISO2338B , ISO8734A , ISO8737 , ISO8736 , Din7979D & Din7. Product Details Feedback. Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Azure for students. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. com. Availability Stock = 13187 Manufacturing Approximate lead time = 30 days Prices Visible after Login. 2 Tolerance of a basic size for specific tolerance grade. They are commonly used for rough alignment when. SS DOWEL PIN DIA 1 X 16 (m6) ? Pan Sun Hardware Pte Ltd, established in 1982, one of the largest stocking and wholesale distributor of fasteners business in Singapore. 10R14MUDS/M6,JEVEKA bv,,M10 X 14 DOWEL PIN ISO2338B m6 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. 8. The terminology (e. e. com. 8. 16mm length Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Availability Stock = 115 Manufacturing Approximate lead time = 10 days Prices Visible after Login. ,<=> Metric ISO 2338 - Dowel Pin Stainless Steel TBD 0 18 M5 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD,M5 X 18 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. . Product Details Feedback. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. Mechanical properties of stainless steel for metric DIN 7 parallel dowel pins Stainless steels can be divided into three groups: austenitic, ferritic and martensitic. 986 to 3. Non-Preferred. ) Plain. Bespoke Machined & Turned Parts - Global Sourcing Specialist. Fasteners. Dowel Pin: Metric, 2 mm Pin Dia, 10 mm Shank Lg, Slip Fit, Stainless Steel, 18-8, Plain, 100 PK 4mm length Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Condition: Very Good. Precision Dowel Pins: 8 h8 X 40 DOWEL ISO2338B MILD STEEL Bespoke Machined & Turned Parts - Global Sourcing Specialist Telephone +44 (0)1384 634461 Mon - Fri. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options Industrial & Scientific. com. Part #: 1215545. Metric hardened chamfering type parallel pins. Fastener Mart TM Product Datasheet ISO 2338 Dowel Pins The diameter of Tolerance Class m6 is oversized and h8 is undersized. Diameter / Width. Metric ISO 2338A Stainless Steel Dowel Pins. P. Dowel pins are typically hardened and manufactured to precise. 439. 20. Fasteners. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Select the department you want to search inSelect the department you want to search in. xlsx), PDF File (. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. . Uses include Agricultural Machinery, Towing, Sailing and Linkages. Dowel Pins. Metric Shaft Keys DIN 6885A Product Categories. 00pm ContactOrder Zoro Select Dowel Pin, Std, SS, M3x10mm L, PK50, 1TU89 at Zoro. Windows 10/11 Insider Preview. Dowel Pins. Model: 2388 / B Lawsuit Copy. The full range of commercial Metric Dowel pins including parts that are USA made, DFARS and ROHS compliant. Select the department you want to search in. Product Categories. D. Cart. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. 2 91 156 220 300 390 0. Product Details Feedback. A Reference numbe r ISO 2338:1997(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2338 Second edition 1997-11-01 Parallel pins, of unhardened steel and austenitic stainless steel Home; Products; Metric Fasteners. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options Industrial & Scientific. Selecciona el departamento donde deseas realizar tu búsquedaArrives by Thu, Jun 22 Buy ZoroSelect Dowel Pin, Std, SS, M1x8mm L, PK100 at Walmart. Discover over 500,000 precision components today with leading engineering suppliers, Accu. Pinnar, kilar, passkruv och HCB-bult ISO 2338 B. . (subject to change) Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. For example, a 3 mm dowel pin will range from 3. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Product Image Feedback. Should you not use the cylindrical pin, make sure that the side of the Franka Hand with the cable is attached on the side of the Pilot-Grip where the connector is located. DIN912Order Zoro Select Dowel Pin, SS, M1. Specification Precision Dowel Pins ISO2338B And ISO2338A. Dowel Pins. They are commonly used for rough alignment when. Select the department you want to search in. Dowel Pins. Fasteners. 00am - 5. Call 877-240-8595 to order. They are commonly used for rough alignment when. Fasteners. 5 22. 18-8. Dowel pins, which can. Select the department you want to search in. Dowel Pins , 300 Stainless (A1,A2, 18-8,304,310 etc. Dowel Pin: Metric, 6 mm Pin Dia, 16 mm Shank Lg, Slip Fit, Stainless Steel, 18-8, Plain, 25 PKProduct Categories. Box 192 · CH-3627 Heimberg · Switzerland Tel. Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. 034mm) tolerance or a double plus (+. 8. Dowel Pin: Stainless Steel, Plain, Std Dowel, B80, 3 mm Nominal Dia, 12 mm Fastener Lg, 50 PKHouse of metrics is trusted supplier of pins. (subject to change) Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. ISO2338B D=8MM L=25MM INOX. M6 Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. . 5 63. 9 4. Från 0,77 kr. . 5x8mm L, PK50, 1TU78 at Zoro. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. 4R25MDCO,Default vendor/supplier,<=> Metric ISO 2338 - Dowel Pin Stainless Steel Plain M4 25mm Plain Plain Standard TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD,M4 X 25 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B/h8 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. In DIN 6325 standard the dowel pins are slightly larger than the nominal value. This list states the country names (official short names in English) in alphabetical order as given in ISO 3166-1 and the corresponding ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 code elements. This list is updated whenever a change to the official code list in ISO 3166-1 is effected by the ISO 3166/MA. Hex Head Fasteners. 00pm ContactSelect the department you want to search in. txt) or read online for free. us, C $5 Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 3/32 X 3/4 STAINLESS STEEL DOWEL PIN ISO. Product Categories. 97667<=> Metric ISO 2338 - Dowel Pin Stainless Steel TBD 0 10 M5 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD,M5 X 10 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B m6 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. They are commonly used for rough alignment when. Dowel Pins. 97711<=> Metric TBD Stainless Steel TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD,M10 X 24 DOWEL PIN ISO2338B m6 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. 18-8. Product Categories. Hillrom Parts Store. 5 2 2. Description. Pins. Dowel Pins. Order Zoro Select Dowel Pin, Std, SS, M1x5mm L, PK100, 1TU59 at Zoro. Precision Dowel Pins: 8 h8 X 50 DOWEL ISO2338B MILD STEEL. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. 6R50MDCO,BOSSARD INTERNATIONAL, INC. Drill holes of n1. 85 4. Metric. Download Windows 10. We are adding items and improving functionality daily!Fasteners. Franka Emika as to their compliance with the Machinery Directive so that you as a user merely need to follow and confirm the steps in the CE check list. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Our Clevis Pins are unthreaded and consist of a head section, shanked body and a drilled hole across the shank. 4R40MDCO/M6-CL,SBS Clean Room,4022. 18-8. Fasteners. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. 034mm. Measurement Type. 140mm. Product Image Feedback. Case Hardened Steel (except 1mm to 3mm) Domed and Chamfered. Step1). These include: Extractable Dowel pins, Dowel pins DIN6325/ISO2338B/DIN7, Cotter pins, Retaining pins, Linch/Pipe pins DIN11023, Taper pins, Spring pins, Coiled Spring pins, Ball pins, Bowed washers DIN137, Waved washers DIN137, Button clips, Cable Ties, Circlips, Clevis pins, Collars, Conical washers. pdf), Text File (. M4 Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. ASTM B338 specification covers 28 grades of seamless and welded titanium alloy tubes for surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers. xls / . The full range of commercial Metric Dowel pins including parts that are USA made, DFARS and ROHS compliant. Notes2338B In-Stock. 15R16MDCO/M6,JEVEKA bv,,M1. Our goal is to help simplify the buying process and guide you in. Hex Head Products: DIN 931 | 933, ISO 4014 | 4017 Hex Head Cap Screw A2/A4 Stainless SteelFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for 2. 439. . ,<=> Metric ISO 2338 - Dowel Pin Stainless Steel TBD 0 40 M6 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD,M6 X 40 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B/h8 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. 002 to 3. Availability Stock = 3115 Manufacturing Approximate lead time = 6 weeks Prices Visible after Login. In the ISO 2338 standard, the dowel pins are slightly smaller - 3mm nominal range is 2. Great prices & free shipping on orders over $50 when you sign in or sign up for an account. 060. ISO 7979. Hex Head Fasteners. Pins. STEEL s. 2, DIN 7, DIN 6325, and ISO 2338 and 8734. Great prices & free shipping on orders over $50 when you sign in or sign up for an account. Product Categories. DIN 931 / ISO 4014 Partially Threaded Hex Cap Screw. Metric Dowel pins are often found in two sizes. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. Metric sizes including ASME ANSI B18. Fasteners. Add to basket. Bespoke Machined & Turned Parts - Global Sourcing Specialist. This specification covers 28 grades of seamless and welded titanium alloy tubes for surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers. Telephone +44(0)1384 634461 Mon - Fri 7. M5 x 12. M8 Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Dowel Pins. 8 Grade Bare Steel / Zinc Plated; 8. DIN 7 - Dowel Pins Current norm: DIN EN ISO 2338 Equivalent norms: ISO 2338; CSN 022150; PN 85021; UNI 1707;Fuller Fasteners, Distributor of Metric and Imperial Fasteners, stainless steel, brass, nylon, hex nuts, bolts, nuts, screws, taps, dies, tools and kn95 masksPRK Technologies GmbH is a trading enterprise and is one of the leading suppliers and wholesalers in fastener field in Germany. Product Image Feedback. SPINA CIL. 18-8. com, The FCH Network, your source for Dowel Pin,Select the department you want to search in. The DIN 7 had rounded ends, whereas ISO 2338 has flat ends. Dowel Pins. 1x Straight pin 6X20 H8 A1 ISO2338B; Adapter for mounting a clamping ring (Vieweg) on the Franka Production 3 robot (Franka Emika GmbH) . Dowel Pins. comSelect the department you want to search in. Precision Dowel Pins: 8 h8 X 40 DOWEL ISO2338B MILD STEEL Bespoke Machined & Turned Parts - Global Sourcing Specialist Telephone +44 (0)1384 634461 Mon - Fri 7. 5 Dowel Pins . The images shown are informative only. Product Details Feedback. 300 Stainless (A1,A2, 18-8,304,310 etc. Up to 5% discount when ordering any of our standard products online. 5,Order Zoro Select Dowel Pin, Std, SS, M4x6mm L, PK50, 1TU99 at Zoro. Dowel Pins (iso-2338ordin-7) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. 000. Arrives by Wed, Jun 21 Buy ZoroSelect Dowel Pin, Std, SS, M6x10mm L, PK25 at Walmart. 6mm. Dowel Pins. 18-8. Tabulka dle ISO 2338: Poznámka: Veškeré informace uvedené na této webové stránce jsou poskytovány na základě „tak jak jsou“ a „tak, jak jsou běžně používány ve výrobě“ a souhlasíte s tím, že tyto informace používáte výhradně na vlastní riziko. Material Type. Only informative sections of standards are publicly available. Metric dowel pins can show up under DINs and ISO numbers, including : DIN 7, DIN 6325, and ISO 2338 and 8734. Tato webová stránka neposkytuje žádnou záruku a nepřebírá. 8. 1: Mounting of Franka Hand If desired, insert the cylindrical pin in the Ø6H7 fit of the flange of the Franka Hand. Dowel Pins. Select the department you want to search in. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Equivalent to ISO 8735A. "oversized", "standard") is not entirely consistent across suppliers. (subject to change) Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Diameter / Width. ISO 2338 - Dowel Pins Current norm: DIN EN ISO 2338 Equivalent norms: DIN 7; CSN 022150; PN 85021; UNI 1707; Send Inquiry Buy ISO 2338 Technical information 3D model Inquiries Overstock. Product Image Feedback. For more. P13806 Parallel Pin 2x5 ISO2338B (h8) A2 200. In DIN 6325 standard the dowel pins are slightly larger than the nominal value. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Fasteners. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. The company's products are designed to be energy efficient, reliable, and. Fasteners. . Used to align parts and function as hinge and. Bespoke Machined & Turned Parts - Global Sourcing Specialist. 00pm Contact Categories 8 X 40 DOWEL ISO2338A MILD STEEL 8 X 45 DOWEL H&G ISO8734B m6 Back to: Precision Dowel Pins Availability Stock = 87 Prices Visible after Login Description When it comes to Dowel Pins, you can count on Grainger. ISO 9717:1990, Phosphate conversion coatings for metals — Method of specifying requirements. M 8 x 20 Dowel Pin, Unhardened, H8 Tolerance, ISO 2338 B. Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. 0 (h8) x 5 stainless steel A2, DIN7, ISO2338B, UNI1707: 12652. Read full description. Dowel Pins. Great prices & free shipping on orders over $50 when you sign in or sign up for an account. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. Product Categories. Fasteners. Från 0,77 kr. Dowel Pins. 439. 000mm Pin Dia. 5 X 16 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B m6 303 S/S,Specialty Bolt & Screw, Inc. Product Description. Select the department you want to search in. Selecciona el departamento donde deseas realizar tu búsqueda. Great prices & free shipping on orders over $50 when you sign in or sign up for an account. DP55. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. ISO 2338 Parallel pins from REYHER Order in many variants in the MISUMI online shop Free CAD data Fast delivery Fair prices Select and configurate now. When it comes to Dowel Pins, you can count on Grainger. Metric Dowel pins are often found in two sizes. Countersunk Hex Socket Head. M3 Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Air treatment filters Gruppen FR Gruppen FRL Manometer Druckminderer SchalldämpferDelivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options Industrial & Scientific. Product Categories. 1. Stainless Steel. Druckluftaufbereitungseinheiten und Zubehör. Looking for Unhardened Ground Stainless Steel Dowel Pin, Plain Finish, 8mm L, 3. Product Details Feedback. 005 inches and minus zero inches. 16mm length Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Pins. Final text received or FDIS registered for formal approval. Great prices & free shipping on orders over $50 when you sign in or sign up for an account. 50 Terminal St. Order Zoro Select Dowel Pin, Std, SS, M2x8mm L, PK100, 1TU71 at Zoro. 5R10MDCO/M6-CL,SBS Clean Room,4022. com, The FCH Network, your source for Dowel Pin Diameter M1. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Unità di misura: Num (usata per quantità unitaria di prodotto) Disponibile 4000. . g. Dowel Pins. Mon - Fri 7. Fastener Mart TM Product Datasheet ISO 2338 Dowel Pins The diameter of Tolerance Class m6 is oversized and h8 is undersized. M8 Dowel Pins. M. Product Image Feedback. Rostfri cylindrisk pinne ISO 2338 B h8. M8 Dowel Pins. 18-8. 5 Dowel Pins . 5R18MDCO,BOSSARD INTERNATIONAL, INC. M6 X 25 DOWEL PIN ISO 2338B A1 STAINLESS. Dowel pins are typically hardened and manufactured to. . Fasteners. Metric Precision Dowel pins including Press-Fit Series and all MD series pins in 416 and 303 Stainless Steel. ISO2338 h8 Tolerance. . Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. 7 18. Catalogue. Fasteners. 6 16. Telephone +44 (0)1384 634461. Filterable. Measurement Type. Pneumatisches Material. o. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. ,4022. Make AG · Schützenstrasse 19 · P. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Telephone +44(0)1384 634461We stock a vast range of Precision Dowel Pins hardened and precision ground, available as solid or extractable to BS1804 , DIN6325 , ISO2338A , ISO2338B , ISO8734A , ISO8737 , ISO8736 , Din7979D & Din7. ISO 2338 Parallel pins from REYHER Order in many variants in the MISUMI online shop Free CAD data Fast delivery Fair prices Select and configurate now. Description: Super cool. Product Details Feedback. Dowel Pins. Product Image Feedback. When ordering DIN/ISO dowel pins it is best to include the Diameter, Length, Material, DIN or ISO and tolerance. com: Industrial & ScientificBookmark this page. P055 2338B-A1 Stainless h8 Dowel Pin ISO. FastenersClearingHouse. 18-8. Select the department you want to search in. Dowel pins, which can be straight, tapered, slotted, or grooved, are inserted into pre-drilled holes, and their purpose is to keep assembled parts aligned. * Plain, i. Telephone +44(0)1384 634461 Mon - Fri 7. (subject to change) Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. Fasteners. Product Details Feedback. 000mm Nominal Diameter: M3 Length Tolerance: +/-0. Slip-fit dowel pins are slightly undersized compared to standard dowel pins, allowing them to slide freely and help locate the pin in the hole. La differenza tra la DIN 7 e la ISO 2338B sta nella sua misurazione. Used in conjunction with split pins or cotter pins to fix the Clevis in place. 027mm,+. The main difference between the two is that “heights of the ends changed”. Dowel Pins Unhardened ISO 2338B h8 DIN 7 REMARKS: There are Minor Non-Functional Differences Between The Din & ISO Version. Item No. Dowel Pins (ISO 2338) Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. . Light vehicle Heavy vehicle Health & home. Dowel Pins are straight solid headless shear fasteners with chamfered ends to aid with insertion and alignment. Cart. 18-8. Dowel Pins. 1: Mounting Of Franka Hand. . They are commonly used for rough alignment when assembling parts. Align the holes for dowel pins before tightening the screws of the bottom and top covers.